短波收听基础

BG2AXI

< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">设立短波收听台（<SPAN lang=EN-US>SWL, Short Wave Listener</SPAN>）收听业余通信是业余电台通信最便捷的入门方式。通过考取五级个人业余电台操作证书，设立短波收听台收听业余电台爱好者们空中的对话，可以熟悉业余电台通信的程序、术语、内容和规范，初步掌握短波的传播特点，学会设备、天线的基本使用，为将来开台进行短波业余电台通信打下坚实的基础。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">选择一部合适的业余接收机 业余电台语音通信以单边带（<SPAN lang=EN-US>SSB, Single Sided Band</SPAN>）通信为主，与普通收音机上的调幅（<SPAN lang=EN-US>AM</SPAN>）或调频（<SPAN lang=EN-US>FM</SPAN>）接收方式都不同，因此要选择一部能接收单边带或者等幅电报（<SPAN lang=EN-US>CW</SPAN>）的接收机（因<SPAN lang=EN-US>CW</SPAN>的解调原理与<SPAN lang=EN-US>SSB</SPAN>类似）。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">由于业余电台的发射功率较广播电台小得多，一般只有几十到一百瓦，最大也就一千瓦左右，信号强度相对比较小，因此要选择灵敏度高的接收机。从指标上看，<SPAN lang=EN-US>SSB</SPAN>接收灵敏度<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>微伏以下才比较实用。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">全球业余电台数量众多，然而频率资源有限，因此业余波段特别拥挤，在<SPAN lang=EN-US>1000Hz</SPAN>频率间隔里甚至能听到几个电台同时在发射。业余电台接收机的选择性指标是非常重要的，通带宽度（<SPAN lang=EN-US>-6dB</SPAN>带宽）不大于<SPAN lang=EN-US>5kHz</SPAN>，不小于<SPAN lang=EN-US>2kHz</SPAN>才能很好用来收听<SPAN lang=EN-US>SSB</SPAN>通信。另外，动态范围指标也很重要，动态范围差的接收机前级容易阻塞，造成对接收频率的严重交调干扰，这种干扰使用再好的中频滤波器都无法滤除。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">SSB</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">接收机对频率稳定度的要求也很高，否则听起来很容易走调（失真）。短期频率稳定度要求在<SPAN lang=EN-US>50Hz</SPAN>以内，长期频率稳定度要求在<SPAN lang=EN-US>200Hz</SPAN>以内。从电路结构上说，除非进行了仔细的设计，一般的电感电容振荡电路的接收机不太适合收听<SPAN lang=EN-US>SSB</SPAN>，最好选择晶体控制或频率合成锁相环（<SPAN lang=EN-US>LL</SPAN>）的接收机。 接收机的频率覆盖范围越大越好，最好能同时覆盖<SPAN lang=EN-US>40</SPAN>米波段（<SPAN lang=EN-US>7.0-7.1MHz</SPAN>）、<SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN>米波段（<SPAN lang=EN-US>14.0-14.35MHz</SPAN>）、<SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN>米波段（<SPAN lang=EN-US>21.0-21.45MHz</SPAN>）和<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>米波段（<SPAN lang=EN-US>28.0-29.7MHz</SPAN>）等热门业余波段。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">爱好者们常使用<SPAN lang=EN-US>239</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>339</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>70</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>77</SPAN>等退役军用接收机，价格便宜，性能不错。也可购买带单边带接收功能的收音机，比如<SPAN lang=EN-US>SONY ICF-SW7600GR</SPAN>，专业的短波收信机，比如<SPAN lang=EN-US>ICOM IC-R71</SPAN>或者采用短波电台的接收机部分进行接收。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">收听天线，制胜关键 业余电台天线是一个很大的话题，以后我们会详细讨论。收听天线要尽量架设在空旷的地方，离地面、建筑物有至少<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>米的高度，应远离金属体、输电线、配电变压器和可能产生干扰的用电器（如日光灯、电机等）。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">收听天线要以同轴电缆连接到接收机的天线输入端，可以有效避免接收干扰。天线水平架设比垂直架设更能减轻本地干扰，采用水平半波偶极天线（<SPAN lang=EN-US>Dipole Antenna</SPAN>）比简单的长线天线（<SPAN lang=EN-US>Long Wire Antenna</SPAN>）噪音更小。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">如有条件，最好使接收天线的谐振频率和阻抗与接收机匹配。 收听时间和频率的选择 合理选择收听时间和频率可获得更好的收听效果，这需要一定的实际经验，除了要掌握电离层传播的日变化、季节变化和年份变化，还要了解收听对象的方位、距离以及电波的越距特性，甚至还要明白收听对象的时区和工作休息时间等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">简单起见，我们列出以下一些经验规律供参考。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">． 低波段更容易接收几百公里以内的电台，传播比较可靠，但是噪音和干扰比较大；<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">． 高波段更容易接收远程电台，噪音和干扰比较小，但是传播不太可靠； <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">． 日出前后一般远程传播比较好； <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">． 白天选择高波段，夜间选择低波段接收； <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">． 选择本地干扰小的时候接收； <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">． 各业余频段的低端一般只有电报工作，中段和高端才能听到<SPAN lang=EN-US>SSB</SPAN>通信； <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">． 选择中国业余电台常用频率更容易接收到中文业余电台通信，主要是<SPAN lang=EN-US>7.050-7.060MHz</SPAN>下边带（<SPAN lang=EN-US>LSB</SPAN>，<SPAN lang=EN-US>SSB</SPAN>分上边带和下边带两种）方式、<SPAN lang=EN-US>14.180MHz</SPAN>上边带（<SPAN lang=EN-US>USB</SPAN>）、<SPAN lang=EN-US>14.270MHz</SPAN>（<SPAN lang=EN-US>USB</SPAN>）、<SPAN lang=EN-US>14.330MHz</SPAN>（<SPAN lang=EN-US>USB</SPAN>）、<SPAN lang=EN-US>21.400MHz</SPAN>（<SPAN lang=EN-US>USB</SPAN>）、<SPAN lang=EN-US>29.250MHz</SPAN>（<SPAN lang=EN-US>USB</SPAN>）和<SPAN lang=EN-US>29.600MHz</SPAN>（<SPAN lang=EN-US>FM</SPAN>）。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">单边带调谐要领 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">调谐就是通常说的选台，在收音机上，只需要调节频率旋钮就能选台，单边带接收机则要复杂一些。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">从天线（<SPAN lang=EN-US>ANT</SPAN>）进入的接收信号经过高频放大（<SPAN lang=EN-US>RF AMP</SPAN>）后，送到混频器（<SPAN lang=EN-US>MIX</SPAN>）与本振（<SPAN lang=EN-US>LO</SPAN>）进行混频。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">混频器把接收频率变换到中频，通过<SPAN lang=EN-US>9MHz</SPAN>的中频滤波器（<SPAN lang=EN-US>IF FILTER</SPAN>）后，只有<SPAN lang=EN-US>9MHz</SPAN>正负<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.2kHz</SPAN>的频率才能通过，然后经过中频放大器（<SPAN lang=EN-US>IF AMP</SPAN>）放大。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">差拍混频器（<SPAN lang=EN-US>PROD DET</SPAN>，也叫乘积检波器）与差拍振荡器（<SPAN lang=EN-US>BFO</SPAN>）合作把单边带信号恢复为音频信号，然后送音频放大器（<SPAN lang=EN-US>AF AMP</SPAN>）放大后由扬声器（<SPAN lang=EN-US>SPK</SPAN>）输出。这里，改变本振频率可调节接收频率，选择合适的<SPAN lang=EN-US>BFO</SPAN>频率可不失真的将<SPAN lang=EN-US>USB</SPAN>或<SPAN lang=EN-US>LSB</SPAN>信号恢复出来。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">在本例中，当<SPAN lang=EN-US>BFO</SPAN>为<SPAN lang=EN-US>8.9985MHz</SPAN>时接收上边带，<SPAN lang=EN-US>BFO</SPAN>为<SPAN lang=EN-US>9.0015MHz</SPAN>时接收下边带。在有的接收机上，<SPAN lang=EN-US>BFO</SPAN>可在中频中心频率正负<SPAN lang=EN-US>2kHz</SPAN>或更大范围进行调节，调错<SPAN lang=EN-US>BFO</SPAN>频率或置错边带都会产生语音失真。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">习惯上，载频为<SPAN lang=EN-US>9MHz</SPAN>以下的单边带通信使用下边带，<SPAN lang=EN-US>9MHz</SPAN>以上使用上边带。<SPAN lang=EN-US> ANTSPKRF AMP14 - 14.4MHz5 - 5.4MHzMIXLOIF FILTERIF AMPPROD DETBFOAF AMPTUNELSB / USB9 MHz BW = 2.4 KHz8.9985 - 9.0015 MHz </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">为了实际掌握调谐过程，我们先根据待接收信号的边带形式将差拍旋钮调节到与中心频率偏差<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.5kHz</SPAN>左右的位置，然后调节频率旋钮选择一个附近没有其它电台信号的强信号，尽量调节到信号不走调。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">可能你没法一次调好，没有关系，仔细调节差拍旋钮，听音调从高到低（或者从低到高）直到音调自然不失真为止。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">你可能还需要根据机器的实际情况微调频率旋钮与差拍旋钮，使语音不失真且最洪亮。记住并固定<SPAN lang=EN-US>LSB</SPAN>和<SPAN lang=EN-US>USB</SPAN>接收时差拍旋钮的位置，以后只要通过仔细调节频率旋钮就能调到不失真的<SPAN lang=EN-US>SSB</SPAN>信号。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">理解收听内容 </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">业余电台通信的一般过程总是电台<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>呼叫，电台<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>回答。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">电台<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>与<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>首先确认对方的电台呼号（全球唯一的电台标识），然后互相给信号报告。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">电台呼号由前缀（代表国家和地区）、数字（代表国家内的分区）和后缀（唯一代表该电台）构成，其中的英文字母一般用字母解释法进行解释，如同我们向新朋友介绍自己的名字使用的方法一样，字母解释法用一个常用英文单词来代表该单词的词首字母。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">字母解释法有标准解释法，也有非标准的解释。比如，字母<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>的标准解释法是<SPAN lang=EN-US>ALPHA</SPAN>，可是经常有人解释为<SPAN lang=EN-US>AMERICA</SPAN>。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">信号报告也叫<SPAN lang=EN-US>RST</SPAN>报告，分别表示信号的可辨度（<SPAN lang=EN-US>Readability</SPAN>）、强度（<SPAN lang=EN-US>Strength</SPAN>）和音质（<SPAN lang=EN-US>Tone</SPAN>）。在语音通信中，一般只用前两者（所以也叫<SPAN lang=EN-US>RS</SPAN>报告）。比如，你可能听到信号<SPAN lang=EN-US>49</SPAN>，代表可辨度不太好，信号强度<SPAN lang=EN-US>S9</SPAN>（很强）。信号<SPAN lang=EN-US>59</SPAN>加<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>，代表可辨度很好，强度比<SPAN lang=EN-US>S9</SPAN>还强<SPAN lang=EN-US>10dB</SPAN>。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">理解一些业余通信常用的代号和<SPAN lang=EN-US>Q</SPAN>简语也有助于理解通信内容。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">“73”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">是爱好者之间最崇高的敬意，一般在结束通信时说。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">“88”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">一般用于女爱好者。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">“QTH”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">代表电台位置，<SPAN lang=EN-US>“QSL”</SPAN>代表收妥了、明白了，<SPAN lang=EN-US>“QRZ</SPAN>？<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>代表谁在呼叫我？</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">收听日记、收听确认卡片与奖状 一个严谨的短波收听者每次收听都会详细记录收听日记。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">收听日记的主要内容包括收听日期、通信开始时间（建议使用协调世界时<SPAN lang=EN-US>UTC</SPAN>，等于北京时间减去<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>小时，如为负数则需要向日期<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>借位<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>）、使用频率、操作方式、通信双方呼号、你对通信双方的信号评价（<SPAN lang=EN-US>RS</SPAN>）、通信主要内容摘要（主要是互相给的信号报告、双方的姓名、位置、设备、天气、气温等信息）等内容。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">收听日记的内容将成为日后填写收听报告卡片（<SPAN lang=EN-US>SWL</SPAN>卡片）的参考依据。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">收听报告卡片用来报告你收听获得的数据，以便请对方确认你的收听是否正确并回寄给你<SPAN lang=EN-US>QSL</SPAN>卡片（确认卡片）。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">收听确认卡片既能作为一种收藏和成绩的证明，也可作为申请国际奖状的凭证。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">SWL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">卡片的制作方法与普通<SPAN lang=EN-US>QSL</SPAN>卡片制作方法类似。需要提醒的是，作为一种基本的礼节，如果你想获得收听对象的回卡，应该在寄出自己的<SPAN lang=EN-US>SWL</SPAN>卡片的同时附上<SPAN lang=EN-US>SASE</SPAN>（即自己贴足邮票、写好回邮地址的信封），以方便对方回卡。 </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">业余电台的奖状是旨在鼓励和表彰在远距离通信和各种通信试验中取得成绩的爱好者的证书，是由各国或国际的业余无线电组织颁发的。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">奖状不仅仅发给可以发射电波的业余电台，也发给业余收听台。因此，如果你足够有耐心，你可多接收一些不同前缀的电台，并得到他们的<SPAN lang=EN-US>QSL</SPAN>卡片。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-fareast">在向国外邮寄你的<SPAN lang=EN-US>SWL</SPAN>卡片时，由于各国的邮票不通用，因此，除了附上用英文写好自己地址的回邮信封，还要附上一张<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>美圆钞票或一张国际回信邮资券（<SPAN lang=EN-US>IRC</SPAN>，可在各大邮局购买）作为对方回邮邮资。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>

闷头走

老狼

及时帖

追求简单

冰城野钓

学习了

汗人

汗人

徒步加菲猫

减肥才是硬道理