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客家民居代表:永定土楼 [复制链接]

authicon8104 发表于 2008-5-28 18:54:33 |显示全部楼层
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT color=#000000>客家民居代表:永定土楼</FONT></SPAN></P>
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< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2007</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">05</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">星期二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 14:39</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
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< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT color=#000000>土楼渊源--客家祖地</FONT></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT color=#000000>  关于“客家”,史学界一般认为:客家是从中原南迁的汉人,由于受到边疆部族的侵扰,客家先民从中原辗转迁到南方。以后,继而再往南、往各地分散迁徙,形成客家散布许多地区的局面。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  </SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中原人民第一次大迁移,是由五胡乱华侵扰割据所引起。为避难,自晋代永嘉以后。中原汉族开始南迁,当时被称为“流人”。逐渐形成了三大支流,最后,远的到达了江西中部南部、福建等地,近的,则仍徘徊于颍水淮水汝水汉水一带。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  </SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第二次南迁,由唐末黄巢起义引起。十几年动乱,中国各地人民都分头迁徙。这次迁徙,远者,少数已达惠、嘉、韶等地,而多数则留居闽汀州,还有赣州东部各地。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT color=#000000>  宋时,由于金人元人的入侵,客家人之一部分,再度迁徙。这次由于文天祥等组织人马在闽粤赣山区力抗入侵外族,三省交界处成为双方攻守的重地。于是,先至闽赣的中原氏族再分迁至粤东粤北。而与此同时,流入汀州者也为数日多。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">明末清初,一方面客家内部人口已不断膨胀,另一方面,满洲部族入主中国。在抵抗清的入驻无力之后,民众再次分头迁徙,被迫散居各地。相当一部分人,迁入四川等遭兵火毁灭之地,重新开辟垦殖。是即第四次迁徙,“移湖广,填四川”。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT color=#000000>  第五次迁徙,当在清后期。这可以说是一次世界范围的迁徙。人口日多,山区条件差,不足养口。于是,客家人分迁往南至雷州、钦州广州潮汕等地,渡海则出至香港澳门台湾南洋群岛,甚至远至欧美等地。  </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">经过多次的辗转迁徙,客家人始得在各地安身立命,世代繁殖,终至今日成为中华民族一支重要的特殊的民系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到现在,有人估计,海内外客家人约有一亿二千万左右,其中在香港有三分之一的华人是客家人;在台湾有五分之一到四分之一的人口是客家人。在内地,除闽、赣、粤三省外,湖南、广西、四川等省都有相当数量的客家人。在海外,东南亚各国、澳大利亚、美国、加拿大,也都有很多客家人。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT color=#000000>  从众多的珍贵史料和族谱资料中,我们可以看到,几乎每地每姓都把最早迁抵闽西的先祖尊为南方始祖,把闽西作为客家先民在文化里程中告别中原的终点和成为客家人的起点。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> “天下水皆东,唯汀独南”,汀江是闽西最大河流,也是连接客家人南迁的两个中转站</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">----</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">福建闽西宁化和广东梅州的唯一河流。客家人入闽后,沿着汀江两岸定居,汀江流域成为客家人的大本营。汀江孕育了客家人,逐步发展壮大了客家民系。汀江流域,成了海内外客家人心中的“麦加圣地”!</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">想了解更多土楼信息,可以访问永定土楼的官方<SPAN class=ttag>网站</SPAN>喔,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><A href="http://www.hakkatulou.com/" target=_blank><FONT color=#3e689a>http://www.hakkatulou.com/</FONT></A><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">土楼旅游线路小贴士:厦门</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">适中高速出口(120</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">KM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">左右)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">龙潭</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">抚市</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">永定土楼(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">60KM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">左右)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">”</SPAN></P>
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